Back on the Tea - off topic

As I was talking about cups of tea, here is The Tea Rap on YouTube

Common Resources

What are these Common Resources?

If more than one unit can acquire or request the services of a single resource, the resource is
designated as a common resource. Common resources are often present with complex batch
processes. Common resources are often implemented as either equipment modules or control
modules. A common resource may be either exclusive-use or shared-use.

That definition is pretty good for me, but there is still disagreement, and to a degree I think that they are the bits where the original S88 parties could not agree. For example, some give the example of Storage Tanks, but in an alternative perspective (not just mine) Storage Tanks are Units.

Another good example is transfer systems. Surely these are common resources?

Actually some of the best batch implementations I have seen treat them as units. They call them X units, but as far as controlling them they are exactly the same as 'normal' Units, including having Equipment Procedural Elements.
The viewpoint once described to me was that if contains even part of the batch it then it is a unit.

Something like steam supply or other utilities are for sure common resources aren't they?

Can a resource be a Unit and a Common Resource?
So, is there any prospect of the revised part 1 coming up with an improved wording that will stop the divergent interpretations, of things like storage tanks, transfer systems?

Of course, the definition that CR's may be made as equipment modules implies that they can have EPE's, and take part in recipes.
To be continued

Unit State Model

Latest on Part 5 developments
What is a Base State Model?
It says. The Base State Model defines a complete fixed set of defined unit states, unit state commands, and unit state transitions. Each Equipment Unit Procedure will comprise a subset of the same base sta...

This dates back to 1996, it works well. It integrates exception handling with Unit Control in ways that the conventional S88 Procedural States do not.

Equipment Procedural Entity

There have been discussions in the S88.01 Update meetings about Equipment Procedural Entiies (EPE's)

This is how I view EPE's -

They are objects such as Phases that can be executed under the command of a Recipe - for example an SOP, or a Production batch, a Batch manager Control or MES Recipe - but which are contained in - and controlled by - the equipment controllers.

The Equipment Controller might be an Operator who runs the equipment manually or if the equipment is automated, the Process Controller - PLC/DCS, Relays or whatever - that is connected to the physical equipment. (Most times it is a mix of the two)

EPE's are part of equipment control.

In Object oriented terms they are like the Methods of Objects
The Equipment that contains the EPE is a Unit or an Equipment module depending whether the Recipe-Equipment Interface is at the Unit or EM level.
Note, the S88 standard says that Control modules cannot have EPE's. But this is no problem - if you must control one CM from the recipe, create an EM to contain it. There is no law against it.


The EPE's can be Phases, Operations or Unit Procedures.

Now, the standard does not say this, but what follows is I think consistent with the models. It is also a configurable aspect of ControlDraw.
Equipment that contains EPE's must also be Acquirable, which mean that the Control Recipe takes control of the Equipment when it needs to carry out some processing in it. And to take control of it means preventing others from controlling it. Which to me implies Acquiring the equipment.

There is a direct correlation between the Equipment Requirements of the Master Recipe and the Equipment that contains EPE's .

That means that the Recipe Equipment Requirement maps to the physical equipment.


This can be one for one in cases where the recipe must use specific equipment or one to many in cases where the Recipe can use different (but similar) equipment.
For example a Recipes' Equipment Requirements might have a Reactor and a Filter but the plant has several Reactors and Filters. The Acquire process involves reserving the equipment for the current batch.

The last draft has a diagram, "Figure 18 – Referencing equipment entities at different levels within a control recipe procedure."

See also
Think of batch standard as design philosophy
Much more to come !

S88 Control System Designs

I think that it is a very good idea to use the S88 part 1 models as a framework for a batch (and indeed other) control systems. If you have a reasonable Control System design then it should be possible to use S88.01 Models and Terms to write a fairly precise description of the design.
That does not mean that S88.01 is a design for a control system. And that is clearly stated in the original standard.
Part 5 as it stands appears to be attempting to go into areas (such as a generic model for equipment and control modules) that are explicitly excluded in the introduction to Part 1.
Most worryingly the Part 5 fans are now trying to change Part 1 by introducing their models into Part 1. It is bad idea that would undermine the beauty of Part 1.
Now, Part 5 fans, please understand that I do realise that you may have some very good Control System designs (tho mine may be better) but that is not the point, Part 1 is not at all about designs for Control Systems.
If the objective is have a standard design for re-usable Control System Objects, then it should have a major input from the suppliers just as the development of FieldBus and the like has had.
They are notable by their absense from the Part 5 - where are ABB, Emerson, Yokagawa, Siemens etc. Mostly they are lurking - they are on the mailing lists but rarely take part.

Equipment for Making the Tea

The Turks do it another way

But that is for a completely different type of Tea.
So let us look at the Boil Water step in our English Tea Recipe.
Disregarding for the moment that this is probably control in a Common Resource, the typical English Kettle has a switch that once you have put water in it will boil the water and then stop.
The Recipe to make tea hands over to the kettle for that process action.
While the kettle is boiling it is executing the Boil Water part of the Control Recipe for your cup of tea.
Of course you do not Have to have an Electric kettle, you could use a pan on a gas ring, or a camp fire, just for example.

A Batch Recipe

Header
Name : A cup of tea:
Version: Typical English
Equipment Requirements
Teapot
Process Inputs:
Dried Tea Leaves (optionally in 'Bags')
Water
Energy for Heating
Parameters
2g of leaves per cup
Procedure:
Pre-heat teapot by using a short flush with nearly boiling water.
Put tea in Hot Teapot, then Add boiling water to a teapot.
Stir (optional).
Wait 3* minutes for tea to brew. (*time is a operational/user choice)
Put Milk in Cup - This can be done while the tea is brewing.
Please note - the milk Must be added to the cup Before the Tea!, (This is a Critical Recipe Parameter).
Pour tea into cup.

Slurp it up

Good things found in Vista:
Windows Key the type the name of the application - :
Bingo!